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Observationalists' Table of Plumes

Compiled by Arnold Gordon, Jim Price,

Hartmut Peters and James Girton

For excel version click here.

 

 

[A] Basic Properties    
  Faroe Bank Denmark St Ross Sea Weddell Sea Red Sea[1] Med Sea
J.Price J. Girton A. Gordon A.Gordon H. Peters J.Price
Source water[2]            @ Perim Narrows[3]  
  Potential temperature 0 0.25 (-0.5 - 1.5)[4] -1.9 -1.9 22.8[5] 14
  Salinity   34.92 34.81 (34.62 - 34.91) 34.8 (34.74-34.83) 34.67 39.8[6] 38.4
  sigma-0[7]   28.07 27.94 (27.8 - 28.05)[8] 27.9 27.8 27.47[9] 28.95
  Depth[10] sill m 800 500[11] 600 500 200[12] 300
Product water[13]            [14]  
  Potential temperature 3.3 2.1 -1 -1 22.3 (21.7-22.9)[15] 11.8
  Salinity   35.1 34.84 34.72 34.67 39.2 (38.9-39.6)[16] 36.4
  sigma-0   27.9 27.85 27.85 27.75 27.42 (27.40-27.44)[17] 27.6
  depth   3000 1600 deep sea floor 2000 750[18] 850
Ambient water[19]              
  Potential temperature 7 5 (4 - 7)[20] 1 0.5 18.7 11
  Salinity   35.25 34.95[21] 34.7 34.68 38 35.7
  sigma-0   27.5 27.7 (27.5 - 27.8)[22]     27.4 27.2
Transport, Sv            [23]  
  Source   1.8 2.9[24] 0.6 1.0 0.3 0.8
  Product   3.3 5.2 2 5 0.55 2.3
Velocity, m/sec              
  Source   1 0.7 (0.1 - 0.9)[25] 1 (0.4 - 1.4) 1 0.55 (0.1-0.9)[26] 1
  Product   0.5 0.4 0.5 (0.3-0.7) 0.4 ~0[27] 1
Thickness  H[28]            [29]  
  source     200 (150 - 250)[30] 150 (100-300) 100 100[31] 200
  product     200 (100 - 400)[32] 250 (150-350) 300 140 (60-210)[33]  
Interfacial thickness, h            
  source     100[34] 100 100 110[35]  
  product     100 150 150 120 (30-290)[36]  
Thermobaric Parameter[37] very small small significant significant very small very small
   
[B] The Numbers[38]  
Coriolis parameter [f]   1 x 10-4 1.3 x 10-4 1.3 x 10-4 1.3 x 10-5 3.1 x 10-5  
Reduced gravity [g']     2 x 10-3[39] 2 x 10-3 2 x 10-3 1.4 x 10-2[40] 1.6 x 10-3
Froude [Fr]   1 0.3 - 1.2[41] 0.9 to 1.1 1 0.3-0.9[42] 1
Richardson Gradient [Ri-g]     0.06 to 0.15 variable variable[43]  
Descent radians of gravity current 0.15 0.2-0.6[44] 0.6 0.6 1/2 PI 0.2
Entrainment Rate [We, mm/sec]   0.8[45] 2 to 4    0.1[46]  
Entrainment Rate [We/u] 5 x 10-4 1 x 10-3[47] 6 x 10-3   2 x 10-4 5 to 20 x 10-4