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Observationalists' Table of
Plumes
Compiled by Arnold Gordon,
Jim Price,
Hartmut Peters and James
Girton
For excel version
click here.
 
 
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[A] Basic Properties |
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Faroe Bank |
Denmark St |
Ross Sea |
Weddell Sea |
Red Sea[1] |
Med Sea |
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|
J.Price |
J. Girton |
A. Gordon |
A.Gordon |
H. Peters |
J.Price |
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Source water[2] |
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@ Perim Narrows[3] |
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Potential temperature |
0 |
0.25 (-0.5 - 1.5)[4] |
-1.9 |
-1.9 |
22.8[5] |
14 |
|
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Salinity |
|
34.92 |
34.81 (34.62 - 34.91) |
34.8 (34.74-34.83) |
34.67 |
39.8[6] |
38.4 |
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|
sigma-0[7] |
|
28.07 |
27.94 (27.8 - 28.05)[8] |
27.9 |
27.8 |
27.47[9] |
28.95 |
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Depth[10] |
sill m |
800 |
500[11] |
600 |
500 |
200[12] |
300 |
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Product water[13] |
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[14] |
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Potential temperature |
3.3 |
2.1 |
-1 |
-1 |
22.3 (21.7-22.9)[15] |
11.8 |
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Salinity |
|
35.1 |
34.84 |
34.72 |
34.67 |
39.2 (38.9-39.6)[16] |
36.4 |
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sigma-0 |
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27.9 |
27.85 |
27.85 |
27.75 |
27.42 (27.40-27.44)[17] |
27.6 |
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depth |
|
3000 |
1600 |
deep sea floor |
2000 |
750[18] |
850 |
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Ambient water[19] |
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Potential temperature |
7 |
5 (4 - 7)[20] |
1 |
0.5 |
18.7 |
11 |
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Salinity |
|
35.25 |
34.95[21] |
34.7 |
34.68 |
38 |
35.7 |
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sigma-0 |
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27.5 |
27.7 (27.5 - 27.8)[22] |
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27.4 |
27.2 |
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Transport, Sv |
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[23] |
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Source |
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1.8 |
2.9[24] |
0.6 |
1.0 |
0.3 |
0.8 |
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Product |
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3.3 |
5.2 |
2 |
5 |
0.55 |
2.3 |
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Velocity, m/sec |
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Source |
|
1 |
0.7 (0.1 - 0.9)[25] |
1 (0.4 - 1.4) |
1 |
0.55 (0.1-0.9)[26] |
1 |
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Product |
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0.5 |
0.4 |
0.5 (0.3-0.7) |
0.4 |
~0[27] |
1 |
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Thickness H[28] |
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[29] |
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source |
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200 (150 - 250)[30] |
150 (100-300) |
100 |
100[31] |
200 |
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product |
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200 (100 - 400)[32] |
250 (150-350) |
300 |
140 (60-210)[33] |
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Interfacial thickness, h |
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source |
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100[34] |
100 |
100 |
110[35] |
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product |
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100 |
150 |
150 |
120 (30-290)[36] |
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Thermobaric Parameter[37] |
very small |
small |
significant |
significant |
very small |
very small |
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[B] The Numbers[38] |
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Coriolis parameter [f] |
|
1 x 10-4 |
1.3 x 10-4 |
1.3 x 10-4 |
1.3 x 10-5 |
3.1 x 10-5 |
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Reduced gravity [g'] |
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|
2 x 10-3[39] |
2 x 10-3 |
2 x 10-3 |
1.4 x 10-2[40] |
1.6 x 10-3 |
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Froude [Fr] |
|
1 |
0.3 - 1.2[41] |
0.9 to 1.1 |
1 |
0.3-0.9[42] |
1 |
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Richardson Gradient [Ri-g] |
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|
0.06 to 0.15 |
variable |
variable[43] |
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Descent radians of gravity current |
0.15 |
0.2-0.6[44] |
0.6 |
0.6 |
1/2 PI |
0.2 |
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Entrainment Rate [We, mm/sec] |
|
0.8[45] |
2 to 4 |
|
0.1[46] |
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Entrainment Rate [We/u] |
5 x 10-4 |
1 x 10-3[47] |
6 x 10-3 |
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2 x 10-4 |
5 to 20 x 10-4 |
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